MONTHLY GLOBAL TROPICAL CYCLONE SUMMARY
OCTOBER, 2004
First Installment
(For general comments about the nature of these summaries, as well as
information on how to download the tabular cyclone track files, see
the Author's Note at the end of this summary. Also, see the Special
Feature for a list of links to many websites where tropical cyclone
images, archived warnings, and other types of information may be
accessed.)
SPECIAL NOTE: The October summary will be issued in two installments.
This first one covers the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific basins and
contains the Feature of the Month. The second installment will cover
the Northwest Pacific, North Indian Ocean, Southwest Indian Ocean, and
South Pacific basins.
*************************************************************************
OCTOBER HIGHLIGHTS
--> Two typhoons strike Japan--one rather deadly
--> Atlantic quietens down considerably--only two minor storms
--> First officially-named North Indian Ocean cyclone forms
*************************************************************************
***** Feature of the Month for October *****
A COMPARISON OF THE WIND FIELDS IN
HURRICANE EDNA (1954) AND HURRICANE JUAN (2003)
-----------------------------------------------
Several months ago I received a copy of a paper from Chris Fogarty
of the Canadian Hurricane Centre. This paper was a study of the two
most significant Atlantic hurricanes which have affected the Province
of Nova Scotia during the past century: Hurricane Edna of 1954 and
the recent Hurricane Juan of 2003. I would like to thank Chris for
sending me a copy of his paper and for giving me permission to include
it as a monthly feature. The following is taken pretty much verbatim
from Chris' paper, except that I've removed references to a few
diagrams which his original paper included, and I've added the wind
speeds in knots in parentheses following the values in kilometres per
hour.
A. Introduction
---------------
Hurricane Juan will go down in the books as one of the great weather
disasters of Nova Scotian history. The storm unleashed its fury on the
woodlands of central Nova Scotia, causing massive tree blowdowns that
amounted to approximately one billion board feet of timber loss in the
short span of just a few hours (source: Nova Scotia Department of Natural
Resources -- NSDNR). The last "big blow" that many of the "old timers"
tell me about occurred in 1954 with Hurricane Edna. That storm destroyed
approximately 0.7 billion board feet of timber across Nova Scotia, but
over a much larger area than Juan. The fact that trees were in full,
green foliage during these storms greatly increased the impacts,
especially when you factor in the amount of deciduous trees in the urban
areas and the combination of uprooted trees falling onto power lines.
In this short paper I will compare these two very different storms
and discuss the most significant inland impacts of tree blowdowns. In
terms of overall timber loss the difference between Edna and Juan is
not all that great, but when one looks at the structure of the wind
field in each storm, the differences become more apparent. Hurricane
Juan was a much more compact storm when it crossed Nova Scotia, and the
significant impact was felt within approximately 150 km from the storm
center track. On the other hand, Hurricane Edna was a much larger storm,
and the center was nowhere near Nova Scotia. Edna tracked over central
New Brunswick, but the damaging winds occurred out to approximately
500 km from the storm center track. Hurricane Edna was rapidly under-
going extratropical transition to a large mid-latitude storm unlike
Juan, which was a strong, compact hurricane.
B. Synoptic History
-------------------
(1) Hurricane Edna
------------------
Edna formed east of the Caribbean Leeward Islands and moved around
the outer periphery of the island chain while reaching Category 3
intensity just off the Bahamas. Edna then skirted along the U. S.
Eastern Seaboard, clipping Cape Cod as a Category 1 hurricane and
making landfall near Bar Harbour, Maine, while undergoing extratropical
transition. Edna raced across central New Brunswick with a forward
speed near 50 knots.
(2) Hurricane Juan
------------------
Juan was much shorter-lived, and formed at a higher latitude (28N)
than Edna (11N). Juan therefore had less time to intensify, but still
reached Category 2 strength. As Juan moved northward it came under the
influence of stronger deep-layered mean flow, which accelerated the
storm toward Nova Scotia. Juan arrived in Nova Scotia just west of
Halifax as a marginal Category 2 hurricane, travelling at approximately
30 knots as it crossed the province.
C. Upper-level Analyses
-----------------------
The 500-mb flow patterns for the two hurricanes differ considerably.
For example, Edna was well-embedded in the 500-mb flow contours while
Juan was just moving into the region of stronger flow. The 500-mb
pattern for Edna was certainly characteristic of a storm in mid-
extratropical transition. Edna was moving to the northeast at 50 knots
while Juan was moving about 30 knots at landfall. The proximity of the
mid-latitude trough was much further west in the case of Juan.
D. Analyses of Wind and Pressure Fields
---------------------------------------
Surface weather plots and manual sea level pressure analyses of
Edna and Juan near the time of landfall clearly indicate that Edna
was a much larger storm with the tightest pressure gradient situated
over mainland Nova Scotia and well away from the center of the low.
Juan, on the other hand, was a much more compact storm and the tightest
pressure gradient was confined to the central Atlantic coast of Nova
Scotia.
During Hurricane Juan the highest winds were reported just east of
the storm track. For example, at Shearwater (YAW) the maximum winds
were 100 km/hr (54 kts) gusting to 130 km/hr (71 kts), at Halifax Inter-
national (YHZ) they were 100 km/hr (54 kts) gusting to 142 km/hr (77
kts), and at Charlottetown 94 km/hr (51 kts) gusting to 139 km/hr
(76 kts). The highest winds from a land station were at McNab's
Island in Halifax Harbour with winds of 151 km/hr (82 kts) gusting
to 176 km/hr (96 kts). In Edna, the wind gust data are not available,
but the maximum sustained winds in the storm were 97 km/hr (53 kts)
at four stations (Yarmouth and Shearwater, Nova Scotia, and Charlotte-
town and Summerside, Prince Edward Island). Moncton, New Brunswick,
reported maximum sustained winds of 103 km/hr (56 kts). In terms of
the sustained winds, there seems to be little difference between the
storms. It is clear that these winds were more widespread in Edna.
Near the storm track in Fredericton and Saint John, New Brunswick,
winds were sustained at only 60 km/hr (33 kts) and likely gusted to
80 or 90 km/hr (43-49 kts). This would normally be enough to break
a few large tree branches, but nothing like what happened further
east. If Hurricane Juan's wind field were overlaid onto Edna's track,
one would find the worst winds over the Saint John and Fredericton
areas. Based on my experience here in Nova Scotia, one can expect to
see trees being uprooted when winds are sustained around 80 km/hr
(43 kts) and gusting to hurricane force (120 km/hr or 65 kts).
E. Conclusions
--------------
Here you can see clearly different storms occurring around the same
time of year (September) with differing wind fields, yet producing
comparable magnitudes of tree fall damage. The areal extent of high
winds is much larger in the Hurricane Edna case than Hurricane Juan.
Given the total amount of tree damage per unit area based on NSDNR
estimates, Hurricane Juan was characterized by more extreme and localized
damage -- more trees fallen per unit area, if you will. We saw after
Juan that there were many large patches of woodlands completely flattened
as if a giant foot had stomped upon the earth. I am not familiar with
what the tree damage patterns in Edna would have been like, but it would
be reasonable to assume that there were fewer large swaths of downed
trees, but a wider expanse of tree clusters and individual trees downed.
Nonetheless, Edna was certainly one of the most memorable hurricane-
related storms in Nova Scotia in the latter half of the 20th century.
From a weather forecasting perspective, these two events represent a
realistic range of forecast problems regarding the expanding wind field
of a hurricane undergoing extratropical transition. In the case of Juan,
the significant wind threat/damage extended from 20 km left of to 150 km
right of the storm track while in Edna, the threat/damage was from
approximately 100 to 500 km right of the track. The most interesting
observation, which prompted me to compare/contrast these two cases, was
that extreme wind damage occurred in a situation where winds were not
associated with the eyewall of the hurricane. Clearly the winds in
Edna that swept across Nova Scotia were not eyewall winds, yet were due
to combined effects of a rapidly-moving cyclone whose wind field was
expanding radially-outward into an area of high pressure to the east.
The isobars (and air parcel trajectories) follow generally straight
lines on the right side of the storm in this example of extratropical
transition. The centrifugal component of the wind field is essentially
absent in this case, thereby permitting higher surface winds for a given
pressure gradient than for the same gradient in highly curved flow as
in the hurricane core or on the left side of a rapidly-moving cyclone.
(Paper written by Chris Fogarty--2 March 2004)
*************************************************************************
ACTIVITY BY BASINS
ATLANTIC (ATL) - North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico
Activity for October: 1 tropical storm
1 subtropical storm
Sources of Information
----------------------
Most of the information presented below was obtained from the
various tropical cyclone products issued by the Tropical Prediction
Center/National Hurricane Center (TPC/NHC) in Miami, Florida:
discussions, public advisories, forecast/advisories, tropical weather
outlooks, special tropical disturbance statements, etc. Some
additional information may have been gleaned from the monthly
summaries prepared by the hurricane specialists and available on
TPC/NHC's website. All references to sustained winds imply a
1-minute averaging period unless otherwise noted.
Atlantic Tropical Activity for October
--------------------------------------
As the month of October opened, long-lived Tropical Storm Lisa was
moving northward between Bermuda and the Azores. The cyclone turned
northeastward and briefly became a minimal hurricane before losing its
tropical characteristics. The report on Lisa can be found in the
September summary. Two named cyclones formed during the month--both
rather minor. Tropical Storm Matthew formed in the western Gulf of
Mexico on the 8th and moved into south-central Louisiana on the 10th.
Subtropical Storm Nicole formed near Bermuda early on the 10th and
headed northeastward, being absorbed by a large extratropical cyclone
by late on the 11th. Brief reports on both these systems follow.
A couple of other systems, both non-tropical LOWs, deserve some
mention. A large non-tropical low-pressure system was located about
500 nm southwest of the southern Azores on 11 October, moving quickly
southwestward. Bands of showers and thunderstorms were seen to be
forming well away from the LLCC. The STWOs issued by TPC/NHC indicated
that there was some potential for subtropical cyclone development as
the system moved toward warmer waters. However, by the 15th the LOW
was moving northward into cooler SSTs and the potential for development
had diminished. Later in the month another non-tropical storm system
formed near Bermuda and was considered a possible candidate for
subtropical storm development. On the afternoon of the 23rd the storm
was located about 130 nm northwest of Bermuda, and over the next few
days moved off to the east-northeast. Late on the 26th the storm was
located approximately 400 nm east-northeast of the island, and several
smaller low-level cyclonic swirls were seen to be moving counter-
clockwise around the periphery of the larger low-pressure area, but
none of these small LLCCs was showing any signs of subtropical cyclone
formation. This was the last reference to the system in the TPC/NHC
tropical weather outlooks. It is interesting to note that SAB assigned
Hebert/Poteat ST classifications on 23-25 October, reaching ST2.5/2.5
on the 24th.
TROPICAL STORM MATTHEW
(TC-14)
8 - 11 October
------------------------------------------
Tropical Storm Matthew was a short-lived minor tropical storm whose
origins can be traced back to a tropical wave which exited the west
coast of Africa on 19 September. The wave was very difficult to track
at times, but eventually entered the Caribbean on the 29th where it
began to interact with an upper-level LOW. The associated shower
activity reached the Bay of Campeche by 5 October where it became
stationary and began to gradually become better organized. On the 7th
a reconnaissance aircraft found that a broad area of low pressure had
formed just east of Tampico, Mexico. The system continued to increase
in organization and Tropical Storm Matthew was named at 2100 UTC on
the 8th while located about 225 nm east-southeast of Brownsville, Texas.
Matthew initially moved toward the east and east-northeast, but
gradually curved to the north due to the steering influence of a large
mid to upper-level LOW over western Texas. The cyclone peaked at 40 kts
with an estimated CP of 997 mb around mid-day on the 9th, and then
gradually weakened before making landfall near Houma, Louisiana, around
1200 UTC on 10 October. One tornado briefly touched down near Golden
Meadow but cause minor damage. There were no known deaths or injuries
due to Matthew.
The official TPC/NHC storm report on Tropical Storm Matthew, authored
by Lixion Avila, is available at the following URL:
<http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2004matthew.shtml?>
(Report written by Gary Padgett, based upon official TPC/NHC report)
SUBTROPICAL STORM NICOLE
(TC-15)
10 - 11 October
--------------------------------------------
The most interesting thing about Subtropical Storm Nicole was that it
was the first named Atlantic subtropical storm which did not make the
transition into a tropical cyclone. It was in late 2001 that the NHC
operational procedures were modified to allow subtropical storms to be
assigned names from the tropical cyclone naming list, and all the systems
since which were first named as subtropical storms (Gustav and Kyle in
September, 2002, and Ana in April, 2003) all were eventually reclassified
as tropical storms or hurricanes.
Nicole's origins lay with an upper-tropospheric trough and a decaying
frontal system over the southwestern Atlantic Ocean during the first week
of October. By the 8th a broad area of surface low pressure had become
evident about 400 nm southeast of Bermuda. Although the system lacked
a single, well-defined center of circulation, it began to produce gales
which affected Bermuda on the 9th. By very early on the 10th a better-
defined LLCC had formed about 140 nm south of Bermuda, and Subtropical
Storm Nicole was christened at 10/0600 UTC. Nicole initially moved
northwestward, then turned northward and northeastward ahead of an
approaching mid-tropospheric trough moving off the New England coast.
The closest approach to Bermuda occurred around 11/0000 UTC when Nicole's
center passed about 50 nm northwest of the island. Early on the 11th
the system made an attempt to gain full tropical status as some deep
convection formed near the center, but this was soon sheared by strong
upper-level southwesterlies. Nicole was absorbed by a strong extra-
tropical cyclone to the north shortly after 11/1800 UTC. The peak
intensity of 45 kts was estimated to have occurred shortly before Nicole
was absorbed by the extratropical LOW. No deaths or injuries have been
attributed to Subtropical Storm Nicole.
The official TPC/NHC storm report on Subtropical Storm Nicole, written
by Richard Pasch and David Roberts, is available at the following URL:
<http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2004nicole.shtml?>
(Report written by Gary Padgett, based upon official TPC/NHC report)
*************************************************************************
NORTHEAST PACIFIC (NEP) - North Pacific Ocean East of Longitude 180
Activity for October: 1 tropical depression
2 tropical storms
Sources of Information
----------------------
Most of the information presented below was obtained from the
various tropical cyclone products issued by the Tropical Prediction
Center/National Hurricane Center (TPC/NHC) in Miami, Florida (or the
Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) in Honolulu, Hawaii, for
locations west of longitude 140W): discussions, public advisories,
forecast/advisories, tropical weather outlooks, special tropical
disturbance statements, etc. Some additional information may have
been gleaned from the monthly summaries prepared by the hurricane
specialists and available on TPC/NHC's website. All references to
sustained winds imply a 1-minute averaging period unless otherwise
noted.
Northeast Pacific Tropical Activity for October
-----------------------------------------------
The month of October was well below normal in the Northeast Pacific
basin. Two minor tropical storms formed--Kay and Lester--and brief
reports on these systems follow. Advisories were issued on one other
tropical depression--the final one of the season. The origins of
Tropical Depression 16E, like most NEP systems, lay with a tropical wave
of African origin which left the coast of Africa on 8 October. Moving
across the Atlantic at a low latitude, the wave emerged into the Eastern
North Pacific on 18 October. The system became stationary around the
23rd of October about 450 nm south of the tip of the Baja California
Peninsula. Gradual organization ensued and advisories were initiated on
TD-16E at 2100 UTC on 25 October. The depression moved northward,
passing just east of Cabo San Lucas and into the Sea of Cortez. Landfall
occurred along the Mexican coast midway between Guasave and Topolobampo
around 26/1000 UTC. The depression quickly dissipated in the high
terrain of the Sierra Madres. No damage or casualties have been
attributed to the final tropical cyclone of the 2004 Eastern North
Pacific season. The official TPC/NHC report on this system, authored
by Stacy Stewart, can be accessed at the following link:
<http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2004sixteen-e.shtml?/
TROPICAL STORM KAY
(TC-14E)
4 - 6 October
--------------------------------------
Tropical Storm Kay was an inconsequential tropical storm which flared
up briefly well south of the Baja California Peninsula. Kay seems to
have originated within an area of disturbed weather in the intertropical
convergence zone on 3 October. This system did not appear to be
associated with a tropical wave. Tropical Depression 14E formed around
1800 UTC on 4 October about 515 nm southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico, and
was upgraded operationally to Tropical Storm Kay at 1200 UTC on the 5th
while located about 600 nm southwest of Cabo San Lucas. In post-storm
analysis it was determined that the cyclone had reached tropical storm
intensity by 05/0600 UTC. The peak intensity during Kay's brief history
was estimated at 40 kts at 05/1200 UTC. No sooner had Kay been named
than the deep convection began to decrease under moderate northerly
shear and the system was downgraded to a tropical depression only six
hours after being named. The depression turned southwestward and had
dissipated by the next day.
The official TPC/NHC storm report on Tropical Storm Kay, written by
David Roberts and Miles Lawrence, may be found at the following URL:
<http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2004kay.shtml?>
(Report written by Gary Padgett, based upon official TPC/NHC report)
TROPICAL STORM LESTER
(TC-15E)
11 - 13 October
-----------------------------------------
The final named cyclone of the 2004 Northeast Pacific season developed
in an area of disturbed weather which had persisted a couple hundred
nautical miles to the southwest of the Gulf of Tehuantepec from 8-10
October. A surface LOW gradually developed in the area and advisories
were initiated on Tropical Depression 15E at 1800 UTC on the 11th. The
center of TD-15E was approximately 80 nm south of Puerto Escondido,
Mexico, or about 250 nm southeast of Acapulco. TD-15E moved on a general
northwesterly track for a couple of days, bringing it near the Mexican
coast in the vicinity of Acapulco. A weak upper-level anticyclone just
to the east provided a favorable environment for intensification, and
the system was upgraded to Tropical Storm Lester at 2100 UTC on the 12th
when located about 45 nm southeast of Acapulco.
The cyclone reached its estimated peak intensity of 45 kts at 13/0000
UTC (based on the "best track") and passed just south of Acapulco around
13/0400 UTC. A couple of hours later Lester began to weaken rapidly
due to the interaction with land and the influence of a larger low-
level cyclonic circulation to the southwest. A U. S. Air Force Hurricane
Hunter aircraft later in the day found that Lester had degenerated into
a trough just off the Mexican coast. Operationally, Lester was main-
tained as a tropical storm through 13/1800 UTC, but based upon the post-
storm analysis, in the "best track" file the cyclone has been downgraded
to depression status at 13/1200 UTC. No reports of damage or casualties
resulting from Tropical Storm Lester have been received.
Huang Chunliang sent me one rainfall report in association with
Tropical Storm Lester. Puerto Angel, Oaxaca State, Mexico, (WMO 76855,
15.68N/96.48W) recorded 115.3 mm of rain during the 24-hour period
between 11/0000 and 12/0000 UTC.
The official TPC/NHC storm report on Tropical Storm Lester, authored
by Richard Pasch and David Roberts, is available at the following URL:
<http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2004lester.shtml?>
(Report written by Gary Padgett, based upon the official TPC/NHC report)
*************************************************************************
NORTHWEST PACIFIC (NWP) - North Pacific Ocean West of Longitude 180
Activity for October: 2 tropical depressions **
2 typhoons
1 super typhoon
** - these were treated as tropical depressions by JMA only
NOTE!!! The Northwest Pacific basin will be covered in the second
installment of the October summary.
*************************************************************************
NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (NIO) - Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea
Activity for October: 1 tropical depression **
1 severe cyclonic storm ++
** - this system was not classified as a tropical depression by JTWC
++ - JTWC ranked this system as only a minimal tropical storm
NOTE!!! The North Indian Ocean basin will be covered in the second
installment of the October summary.
*************************************************************************
SOUTHWEST INDIAN OCEAN (SWI) - South Indian Ocean West of Longitude 90E
Activity for October: 1 tropical depression **
** - classified as a minimal tropical storm by JTWC
NOTE!!! The Southwest Indian Ocean basin will be covered in the second
installment of the October summary.
*************************************************************************
NORTHWEST AUSTRALIA/SOUTHEAST INDIAN OCEAN (AUW) - From 90E to 135E
Activity for October: No tropical cyclones
*************************************************************************
NORTHEAST AUSTRALIA/CORAL SEA (AUE) - From 135E to 160E
Activity for October: No tropical cyclones
*************************************************************************
SOUTH PACIFIC (SPA) - South Pacific Ocean East of Longitude 160E
Activity for October: 1 tropical depression
NOTE!!! The South Pacific basin will be covered in the second install-
ment of the October summary.
*************************************************************************
SPECIAL FEATURE - SOURCES OF TROPICAL CYCLONE INFORMATION
The purpose of this section is to list some websites where many and
varied types of tropical cyclone information are archived. Many readers
will know about these already, but for the benefit of those who don't,
I wanted to include them.
(1) Aircraft Reconnaissance Information
---------------------------------------
Various types of messages from reconnaissance aircraft may be
retrieved from the following FTP site:
<ftp://ftp.nhc.noaa.gov/pub/products/nhc/recon/>
Information regarding how to interpret the coded reconnaissance
messages may be found at the following URL:
<http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/reconlist.shtml>
Links are also included to websites with further information about the
U. S. Air Force 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron and the NOAA Air-
craft Operations Center.
(2) Archived Advisories
-----------------------
All the advisory products (public advisories, forecast/advisories,
strike probabilities, discussions, various graphics) issued by TPC/NHC
are archived on TPC's website. For the current year (using 2004 as an
example), the archived products can be found at:
<http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/index.shtml>
Links to tropical products archives for earlier years are available at
the following URL:
<http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastall.shtml>
JTWC warnings for past storms are archived on the NRL Monterry website:
<http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tc_pages/tc_home.html>
On the NRL site, the link to past years can be found in the upper left
corner of the screen.
I am not aware at the moment of any other TCWC which archives all
its tropical cyclone warning/advisory products for public access, but
if I learn of any, I will add them to this list.
(3) Satellite Imagery
---------------------
Satellite images of tropical cyclones in various sensor bands are
available on the NRL Monterrey and University of Wisconsin websites,
courtesy of Jeff Hawkins and Chris Velden and their associates. The
links are:
<http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tc_pages/tc_home.html>
<http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/tropic/tropic.html>
On the NRL site, the link to past years can be found in the upper left
corner of the screen. For the CIMSS site, a link to data archives is
located in the lower left portion of the screen.
I'm sure there are other sites with available imagery available, and
as I learn of them, I will add the links to this list.
*************************************************************************
EXTRA FEATURE
In order to shorten the amount of typing in preparing the narrative
material, I have been in the habit of freely using abbreviations and
acronyms. I have tried to define most of these with the first usage
in a given summary, but I may have missed one now and then. Most of
these are probably understood by a majority of readers but perhaps a
few aren't clear to some. To remedy this I developed a Glossary of
Abbreviations and Acronyms which I first included in the August, 1998
summary. I don't normally include the Glossary in most months in
order to help keep them from being too long. If anyone would like to
receive a copy of the Glossary, please e-mail me and I'll be happy
to send them a copy.
*************************************************************************
AUTHOR'S NOTE: This summary should be considered a very preliminary
overview of the tropical cyclones that occur in each month. The cyclone
tracks (provided separately) will generally be based upon operational
warnings issued by the various tropical cyclone warning centers. The
information contained therein may differ somewhat from the tracking and
intensity information obtained from a "best-track" file which is based
on a detailed post-seasonal analysis of all available data. Information
on where to find official "best-track" files from the various warning
centers will be passed along from time to time.
The track files are not being sent via e-mail. They can be retrieved
from the archive sites listed below. (Note: I do have a limited e-mail
distribution list for the track files. If anyone wishes to receive
these via e-mail, please send me a message.)
Both the summaries and the track files are standard text files
created in DOS editor. Download to disk and use a viewer such as
Notepad or DOS editor to view the files.
The first summary in this series covered the month of October,
1997. Back issues can be obtained from the following websites
(courtesy of Michael Bath, Michael V. Padua, Michael Pitt, Chris
Landsea, and John Diebolt):
<http://australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/>
<http://www.typhoon2000.ph>
<http://mpittweather.com>
<ftp://ftp.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/pub/landsea/padgett/>
<http://www.tropicalcyclone2005.com/>
Another website where much information about tropical cyclones may
be found is the website for the UK Meteorological Office. Their site
contains a lot of statistical information about tropical cyclones
globally on a monthly basis. The URL is:
<http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/tropicalcyclone>
TROPICAL CYCLONE REPORTS AVAILABLE
JTWC now has available on its website the Annual Tropical Cyclone
Report (ATCR) for 2004 (2003-2004 season for the Southern Hemisphere).
ATCRs for earlier years are available also.
The URL is: <http://199.10.200.33/jtwc.html>
Also, TPC/NHC has available on its webpage nice "technicolor"
tracking charts for the 2004 Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific
tropical cyclones; also, storm reports for all the 2004 Atlantic
and Eastern North Pacific cyclones are now available, as well as
track charts and reports on storms from earlier years.
The URL is: <http://www.nhc.noaa.gov>
A special thanks to Michael Bath of McLeans Ridges, New South Wales,
Australia, for assisting me with proofreading the summaries.
PREPARED BY
Gary Padgett
E-mail: garyp@alaweb.com
Phone: 334-222-5327
Kevin Boyle (Eastern Atlantic, Western Northwest Pacific, South
China Sea)
E-mail: newchapelobservatory@btinternet.com
John Wallace (Assistance with Eastern North Pacific)
E-mail: dosidicus@aol.com
Huang Chunliang (Assistance with Western Northwest Pacific, South
China Sea)
E-mail: huangchunliang@hotmail.com
Simon Clarke (Northeast Australia/Coral Sea, South Pacific)
E-mail: saclarke@iprimus.com.au
*************************************************************************
*************************************************************************
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