MONTHLY GLOBAL TROPICAL CYCLONE SUMMARY
SEPTEMBER, 2005
Third Installment
(For general comments about the nature of these summaries, as well as
information on how to download the tabular cyclone track files, see
the Author's Note at the end of this summary.)
NOTE: The September summary will be issued in three installments. The
first will cover the Atlantic basin plus contain an extra feature. The
second will cover the Northeast Pacific and North Indian Ocean basins,
plus take a brief look at a couple of Southern Hemisphere systems. The
third and final installment will cover the Northwest Pacific basin.
*************************************************************************
SEPTEMBER HIGHLIGHTS
--> Above-normal Atlantic activity continues with five hurricanes
--> Another Category 5 Gulf of Mexico hurricane
--> Outbreak of activity in Eastern Pacific nets two major hurricanes
--> Western Pacific active--several typhoons and tropical storms strike
China and Vietnam
*************************************************************************
ACTIVITY BY BASINS
ATLANTIC (ATL) - North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico
Activity for September: 1 tropical depression **
3 hurricanes
2 intense hurricanes
** - depression formed late on 30 September and will be treated as an
October cyclone
NOTE!!! The Atlantic basin was covered in the first installment of the
September summary.
*************************************************************************
NORTHEAST PACIFIC (NEP) - North Pacific Ocean East of Longitude 180
Activity for September: 2 tropical storms
2 hurricanes
2 intense hurricanes
NOTE!!! The Northeast Pacific basin was covered in the second
installment of the September summary.
*************************************************************************
NORTHWEST PACIFIC (NWP) - North Pacific Ocean West of Longitude 180
Activity for September: 3 tropical depressions **
1 tropical storm
3 typhoons
1 super typhoon
** - these systems were treated as tropical depressions by various Asian
warning agencies but not by JTWC
Sources of Information
----------------------
Most of the information presented below is based upon tropical
cyclone warnings and significant tropical weather outlooks issued
by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center of the U. S. Air Force and
Navy (JTWC), located at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. In the companion
tropical cyclone tracks file, I normally annotate track coordinates
from some of the various Asian warning centers when their center
positions differ from JTWC's by usually 40-50 nm or more. All
references to sustained winds imply a 1-minute averaging period
unless otherwise noted.
Michael V. Padua of Naga City in the Philippines, owner of the
Typhoon 2000 website, normally sends me cyclone tracks based upon
warnings issued by the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical & Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA). Also, Huang Chunliang of Fuzhou City, China,
sends data taken from synoptic observations around the Northwest
Pacific basin. A very special thanks to Michael and Chunliang for
the assistance they so reliably provide.
Northwest Pacific Tropical Activity for September
-------------------------------------------------
Five named tropical storms and typhoons highlighted an active and,
for China and Vietnam, destructive September. Four of the five tropical
storms reached typhoon intensity with one, Longwang, briefly reaching
the super typhoon classification (per JTWC's analysis). Typhoon Khanun
pursued a steady northwestward track from deep in the Philippine Sea
through the southern Ryukyus, eventually making landfall in China less
than 200 nm south of Shanghai. Khanun was responsible for 16 deaths in
China with economic losses exceeding 9 billion yuan. Tropical Storm
Vicente formed in the South China Sea and moved westward into Vietnam.
This weaker tropical cyclone was responsible for at least 20 fatalities
in Vietnam and four in China. Another South China Sea tropical
depression in mid-September also moved westward into Vietnam and
continued as an identifiable LLCC across southeastern Asia, emerging
into the Bay of Bengal where it eventually strengthened into Cyclonic
Storm Pyarr. A report on Pyarr was included in Part 2 of the September
summary.
Typhoon Damrey formed just off northern Luzon and moved westward
across the northern South China Sea, making devastating strikes in
Hainan Island, China, and northern Vietnam. The storm was blamed for
29 deaths in China and over 100 in Vietnam. Typhoon Saola was the one
benign tropical cyclone of September--it recurved southeast of Japan and
did not affect any land except for a few small Japanese islands.
Finally, at the end of the month, Super Typhoon Longwang formed near
the northern Marianas and followed a rather steady westerly course,
striking central Taiwan and continuing across the Strait of Taiwan where
it made a deadly and destructive landfall in Fujian Province, China.
Longwang was responsible for 147 deaths in the province along with
economic losses exceeding 7 billion yuan. Reports on all the named
cyclones, written by Kevin Boyle with additional data sent by Huang
Chunliang, follow.
In addition to the above-mentioned systems, two other systems were
classified as tropical depressions by one or more of the Asian warning
agencies. One weak circulation well east of the southern Marianas on
16 September was classified as a tropical depression by the Central
Weather Bureau of Taiwan only. This system's NRL Invest number was 92W.
Another system (NRL Invest 90W) in the South China Sea near and just off
the west-central Luzon coast was classified as a weak tropical depression
by several TCWCs on 15-16 September, but not by JTWC or PAGASA. The LLCC
as well as associated convection was eventually absorbed into the
circulation of Tropical Storm Vicente further west. This depression,
however, brought significant rainfall amounts to the Philippines.
Following are some rainfall observations from the Philippines compiled
and sent to the author by Huang Chunliang. Only 24-hour amounts
>= 100 mm are listed:
CATANDUANES RADAR (WMO98447, 13.98N/124.32E) 150.2 mm [14/00-15/00Z]
CATBALOGAN (WMO98548, 11.78N/124.88E) 130.0 mm [14/00-15/00Z]
CASIGURAN (WMO98336, 16.28N/122.12E) 132.0 mm [15/00-16/00Z]
ROMBLON (WMO98536, 12.58N/122.27E) 102.9 mm [15/00-16/00Z]
BALER RADAR (WMO98334, 15.75N/121.63E) 139.5 mm [16/00-17/00Z]
INFANTA (WMO98434, 14.75N/121.65E) 122.8 mm [16/00-17/00Z]
ADDENDA to the August Tropical Cyclone Summary
----------------------------------------------
Following are reports compiled and sent by Huang Chunliang detailing
the effects of Tropical Storm Sanvu and Typhoon Talim on China. They
were unavailable at the time the August summary "went to press".
A. Sanvu Report
---------------
{Part I} Landfalls
==================
According to the NMCC warnings, Severe Tropical Storm 0510 (Sanvu)
passed over Nan'ao Island around 13/0330 UTC with a MSW of 30 m/s
(60 kts) and a CP of 975 hPa, before making landfall over the mainland
near Yanhong Town, Chenghai District, Shantou City, Guangdong Province,
around 13/0445 UTC with a MSW of 28 m/s (55 kts) and a CP of 982 hPa.
{Part II} Meteorological Obs from Guangdong and Fujian Provinces
================================================================
1. Wind Obs
-----------
Winds of Beaufort Force 8 to 10, gusting to Force 11 to 12 were
reported in eastern Guangdong and coastal Fujian. Yun'ao Town, Nan'ao
County, Shantou City, reported the highest gusts in Guangdong, topping
36 m/s, while Dongshan County, Zhangzhou City, recorded the strongest
gusts in Fujian, peaking at 35 m/s.
2. Rainfall Obs
---------------
During the 84-hr period ending at 15/1200 UTC, Liangshan Reservoir
(located in Zhangpu County, Zhangzhou City) reported the highest
rainfall amount in Fujian Province, accumulating to 632 mm. Also,
Chaoyang City (WMO59318), a sub-city of Shantou City, reported 439 mm
during the same period----the highest value in Guangdong Province.
The 1-hr extremum of 118 mm during the storm was reported by station
Wufeng (located in Tong'an District, Xiamen City, Fujian Province).
{Part III} Rainfall Obs from Hunan and Jiangxi Provinces
========================================================
During the 24-hr period ending at 15/0000 UTC, rains > 100 mm were
recorded in 6 counties/cities in Hunan Province with Yiyang City
reporting the highest amount of 187 mm.
During the 48-hr period ending at 15/0000 UTC, rains > 100 mm were
recorded in 7 counties/cities in Jiangxi Province with Jinggangshan City
reporting the highest amount of 144 mm.
{Part IV} Daily Top-5 Rainfall Obs from Taiwan Province
=======================================================
[11/1600-12/1600Z]
------------------
Ranking Station ID City/County Rainfall
------------------------------------------------------------
01 CWB C0T82 Hualien County 567.0 mm
02 CWB C1S66 Taitung County 374.5 mm
03 CWB C1T95 Hualien County 366.0 mm
04 CWB C1T90 Hualien County 354.5 mm
05 CWB C1T94 Hualien County 353.0 mm
[12/1600-13/1600Z]
------------------
Ranking Station ID City/County Rainfall
------------------------------------------------------------
01 CWB C0T82 Hualien County 203.0 mm
02 CWB C1V19 Kaohsiung County 186.5 mm
03 CWB C1Z02 Hualien County 179.5 mm
04 CWB C1Z01 Hualien County 177.5 mm
05 CWB C1T83 Hualien County 167.0 mm
{Part V} Meteorological Obs from Hong Kong S.A.R
================================================
<http://www.weather.gov.hk/informtc/sanvu/sanvu.htm>
{Part VI} Damage and Casualties
===============================
STS Sanvu caused 4.06 billion yuan of direct economic losses in
Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei and Jiangxi Provinces and was responsible for
18 deaths as well as 11 persons missing in the provinces, where
4,396,000 residents were affected by the storm.
{Part VII} References
=====================
<http://www.nmc.gov.cn> <NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL CENTER (BEJING)>
<http://ncc.cma.gov.cn> <BEIJING CLIMATE CENTER (BEJING)>
<http://www.grmc.gov.cn> <GUANGZHOU REGIONAL METEOROLOGIC CENTER
(GUANGZHOU)>
<http://www.cwb.gov.tw> <CENTRAL WEATHER BUREAU (TAIPEI)>
<http://www.weather.gov.hk> <HONG KONG OBSERVATORY (HONG KONG)>
B. Talim Report
---------------
{Part I} Landfalls
==================
According to the CWB warnings, the LOW-LEVEL CENTER of Moderate
Typhoon 0513 (Talim) made landfall over Taiwan Island between Ilan and
Hualien Counties around 31/2330 UTC with a MSW of 40 m/s (80 kts) and
a CP of 955 hPa after making a small counter-clockwise loop, resembling
the one drawn by its predecessor (Haitang), though much smaller this
time, east of the island. It should be noted that the earlier CWB
warnings also indicated that the UPPER-LEVEL CENTER of the typhoon had
already moved inland near Liwu River, Hualien County, around 31/1700 UTC
when Talim was still a Severe Typhoon with a MSW of 51 m/s (100 kts)
and a CP of 925 hPa.
Another interesting profile is that the agency moved the typhoon
rapidly westwards crossing Taiwan Island within 1 hour: at 31/2300 UTC
the low-level center was placed near 24.2N/121.8E (or about 30 km NE of
Hualien), then at 01/0000 UTC, it was located near 24.2N/120.4E (or about
30 km W of Taitung), their explanation being that a new sub-center became
the dominant one off the western coast soon after the former center made
landfall over the eastern coast.
On the other hand, according to the NMCC warnings, Typhoon 0513
(Talim) made first landfall over Taiwan Island near Hualien around
31/2200 UTC with a MSW of 45 m/s (90 kts) and a CP of 950 hPa.
Traversing the island, the typhoon reemerged in the Taiwan Strait around
01/0030 UTC. Final landfall over the mainland near Pinghai Town, Putian
City (to the south of Fuzhou City), Fujian Province, occurred around
01/0630 UTC with a MSW of 35 kts (70 kts) and a CP of 970 hPa being
indicated by the NMCC warnings. Also, there has been another version
concerning Talim's second landfall--the CWB of Taiwan stated that the
typhoon did not make landfall until 01/0800 UTC, when Talim came ashore
near the boundary of Fuzhou and Putian Cities.
{Part II} Meteorological Obs from Taiwan Province
=================================================
1. Peak Sustained Wind & Gust Obs [Aug 31--Sep 1, LST]
------------------------------------------------------
Only those stations that reported sustained winds of gale force or
gusts of typhoon force are given:
Peak SW Peak Gust
Station (mps/Local Date) (mps/Local Date)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
An Bu (WMO46691, Alt 827m) ----/---- 48.5/31st
Taipei (WMO46692/58968, Alt 9m) 14.5/ 1st 36.3/31st
Chu-tzu-hu (WMO46693, Alt 608m) ----/---- 32.8/31st
Keelung (WMO46694, Alt 3m) 22.9/31st 49.3/ 1st
Hualien (WMO46763/59362, Alt 14m) 26.8/ 1st 44.2/ 1st
Suao (WMO46706, Alt 3m) 31.5/31st 48.4/31st
Ilan (WMO46708, Alt 7m) 23.9/31st 39.5/31st
Penghu (WMO46735, Alt 21m) 17.4/ 1st 30.4/ 1st
Tainan (WMO46741/59358, Alt 14m) 16.4/ 1st 33.0/ 1st
Hengchun (WMO46752, Alt 13m) 15.0/ 1st 32.7/ 1st
Chenggong (WMO46761, Alt 37m) 21.0/ 1st 33.9/ 1st
Wuci (WMO46777, Alt 5m) 31.1/ 1st 48.6/ 1st
Dongshi (WMO46730/59348, Alt 45m) 31.1/ 1st 40.0/ 1st
Lanyu (WMO46762/59567, Alt 325m) 34.7/31st 53.0/31st
Kinmen (WMO46711, Alt 36m) 19.3/ 1st 26.9/ 1st
Mastsu (WMO46799, Alt 92m) 23.1/ 1st 41.8/ 1st
2. Daily Top-10 Rainfall Obs
----------------------------
[30/1600-31/1600Z]
Ranking Station ID City/County Rainfall
-----------------------------------------------------------
01 CWB C0U71 Ilan County 454.0 mm
02 CWB C0A56 Taipei County 373.5 mm
03 CWB 21C07 Taoyuan County 346.0 mm
04 CWB 21U11 Ilan County 315.0 mm
05 CWB C0A57 Taipei County 304.0 mm
06 CWB C1E72 Miaoli County 296.0 mm
07 CWB 21D17 Hsinchu County 294.0 mm
08 CWB 21D35 Hsinchu County 290.0 mm
09 CWB C1E57 Miaoli County 279.5 mm
10 CWB C0A54 Taipei County 274.0 mm
[31/1600-01/1600Z]
Ranking Station ID City/County Rainfall
-----------------------------------------------------------
01 CWB C1V30 Kaohsiung County 686.5 mm
02 CWB C0R10 Pingtung County 604.0 mm
03 CWB C1V23 Kaohsiung County 601.0 mm
04 CWB C1V27 Kaohsiung County 578.5 mm
05 CWB C1V24 Kaohsiung County 556.5 mm
06 CWB C1M39 Chia-i County 546.0 mm
07 CWB C1V21 Kaohsiung County 541.5 mm
08 CWB C0M53 Chia-i County 537.5 mm
09 CWB C0V25 Kaohsiung County 529.5 mm
10 CWB C1V20 Kaohsiung County 518.5 mm
{Part III} Meteorological Obs from Fujian Province
==================================================
1. Gust Obs
-----------
Highest gust report of the insular stations----44 m/s @ Beijiao,
Lianjiang County, Fuzhou City.
Highest gust report of the non-insular stations----38 m/s @ Changle
City (a sub-city of Fuzhou City).
2. Rainfall Obs
---------------
During the 96-hr period ending at 04/0000 UTC, storm totals >= 200 mm
were reported by 12 stations (including hydrological stations).
During the 24-hr period ending at 02/0000 UTC, daily rainfalls
>= 200 mm were reported by 5 counties/cities with Zherong County, Ningde
City reporting the highest amount of 347 mm.
3. Obs from Fuzhou City
-----------------------
Talim struck Fuzhou with the strongest winds that were associated with
the city's four tropical cyclones (Typhoon Haitang, Severe Tropical Storm
Sanvu, Typhoon Talim and Typhoon Longwang) during the 2005 season.
Persistent strong winds, along with torrential rains, began to attack my
city around the midnight prior to the first day of September (LST) and
did not ease up until a whole day later. Station WMO58847, which is
located in the urban area, reported gusts topping 30 m/s, while the
suburban stations recorded higher winds (see Section 1). Also, the
station (WMO58847) reported a peak daily rainfall amount of 168 mm on
the 1st [01/0000-02/0000Z].
According to the press reports, hundreds of flights were cancelled in
Fuzhou Changle International Airport, while thousands of trees were
uprooted in the urban area. Three trucks were turned over by violent
winds when steering through a bridge. Besides, the typhoon was also
responsible for the largest-scale power-off accidents in the city in
recent years.
{Part IV} Meteorological Obs from Zhejiang Province
===================================================
1. Gust Obs
-----------
Zhaoshandu, Rui'an City (a sub-city of Wenzhou City) reported the most
significant gusts of the province, peaking at 36.7 m/s.
2. Rainfall Obs
---------------
During the 72-hr period ending at 03/0000Z, rains >=300 mm were
reported by 15 stations (including hydrological stations) with Waiyang
(located in Taishun County, Wenzhou City) reporting the highest amount
of 604.8 mm.
Extrema from Station Waiyang:
-----------------------------
24-hr rainfall: 510.5 mm [01/0300-02/0300Z]
Daily rainfall: 488.9 mm [01/0000-02/0000Z]
12-hr rainfall: 421.0 mm [01/0300-01/1500Z]
06-hr rainfall: 267.0 mm [01/0700-01/1300Z]
03-hr rainfall: 168.0 mm [01/0900-01/1200Z]
01-hr rainfall: 75.6 mm [01/1100-01/1200Z]
3. Hydrological Obs
-------------------
Two hydrological stations reported record-breaking water levels during
the storm:
Station Peak Water Level Former Record
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Baiyan 54.45 m [01/1830Z] 52.47 m
Daitou 19.78 m [01/1430Z] 19.19 m [associated with Typhoon 0505
(Haitang)]
{Part V} Rainfall Obs from Other Provinces
==========================================
3-day totals [01/0000-04/0000Z] (Only WMO stations that reported rains
>= 300 mm listed):
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lushan, Jiangxi Province (WMO58506, 29.58N 115.98E, Alt 1165m) *934 mm
Ruichang, Jiangxi Province (WMO58503, 29.68N 115.67E, Alt 23m) 427 mm
Xingzi, Jiangxi Province (WMO58514, 29.45N 116.05E, Alt 36m) 381 mm
Jing'an, Jiangxi Province (WMO58600, 28.87N 115.37E, Alt 80m) 323 mm
Yongxiu, Jiangxi Province (WMO58509, 29.05N 115.82E, Alt 37m) 307 mm
Yuexi, Anhui Province (WMO58317, 30.87N 116.37E, Alt 431m) 573 mm
Huoshan, Anhui Province (WMO58314, 31.40N 116.32E, Alt 73m) 442 mm
Jinzhai, Anhui Province (WMO58306, 31.68N 115.88E, Alt 94m) 428 mm
Wuxue, Hubei Province (WMO58501, 29.85N 115.55E, Alt 20m) 328 mm
Note (*): Lushan, Jiangxi Province reported a record-breaking 24-hr
rainfall of 529 mm duing the period 01/1800-02/1800 UTC.
{Part VI} Damage and Casualties
===============================
Typhoon Talim caused severe damage in the provinces of Anhui,
Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Jiangsu and Henan and was responsible
for 135 deaths in the Chinese Mainland. (Over 80 deaths were reported in
Anhui Province along due to the severe flooding and landslides triggered
by the torrential rains.)
Population Deaths Farmland Houses Direct Economic
Evacuated Affected Damaged (ha) Toppled Loss (yuan)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1,839,000 19,944,500 135 1290,000 115,800 16,400,000,000
Preliminary statistics indicated that Typhoon Talim left 7 deaths and
more than 200 people injured in Taiwan. Agricultural losses in the
province were estimated to be at least NT$ 1.4 billion.
{Part VII} References (All in Chinese version)
==============================================
<http://www.nmc.gov.cn> <NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL CENTER (BEJING)>
<http://ncc.cma.gov.cn> <BEIJING CLIMATE CENTER (BEJING)>
<http://www.cwb.gov.tw> <CENTRAL WEATHER BUREAU (TAIPEI)>
<http://www.fjqx.gov.cn> <FUJIAN METEOROLOGICAL BUREAU (FUZHOU)>
<http://www.zjwater.com> <ZHEJIANG WATER CONSERVANCY (HANGZHOU)>
TYPHOON KHANUN
(TC-15W / TY 0515 / KIKO)
5 - 16 September
---------------------------------------------
Khanun: contributed by Thailand, is a type of fruit (jackfruit)
A. Synoptic History
-------------------
The disturbance that Typhoon Khanun stemmed from was first mentioned
in a TCFA issued by JTWC at 1500 UTC 5 September. Remarks in this
statement included: "An area of convection near 8.4N/140.4E,
approximately 150 nm east-southeast of Yap, has persisted over the past
12 hours. Animated enhanced infrared satellite imagery indicates that
deep convection has consolidated very near the low-level circulation
center. An upper-level analysis shows good westward outflow and
moderate wind shear that is forecast to lessen." The TCFA was quickly
followed by the first warning at 05/1800 UTC. Tropical Depression 15W
continued to develop and was upgraded to a 35-kt tropical storm at
06/0000 UTC while passing 50 nm north of Yap. The system remained
unnamed until 07/0000 UTC, the time at which JMA upgraded their 10-min
avg MSW to 35-kts and assigned the name Khanun. (PAGASA had begun
using their internal name Kiko at 06/1800 UTC.) On 5 September Tropical
Depression 15W passed roughly 60 nm south of Ulithi Atoll where, during
the 24 hours from 05/1200 through 06/1200 UTC, Falalop Island recorded
105.4 mm of rain. (This information from Huang Chunliang.)
Khanun remained at tropical storm intensity on 7 September while
tracking predominantly towards the northwest along the southwestern
periphery of the low to mid-level steering ridge anchored southeast of
Japan. The storm was upgraded to a 65-kt typhoon at 1200 UTC 8 September
while located approximately 570 nm south-southeast of Okinawa. Movement
was mostly towards the north-northwest on 8 September before the cyclone
turned northwestward the next day. Meanwhile, Typhoon Khanun intensified
and while doing so, passed through the southern Ryukyu Islands on
10 September. It reached its maximum intensity of 115 kts at 10/1800 UTC
while centred approximately 225 nm west of Okinawa. Turning north-
northwestward once more, Khanun made landfall in China at 11/0600 UTC
near Songmen, Zhejiang Province, or about 180 nm south of Shanghai. JTWC
issued the final warning at 11/1800 UTC, downgrading Khanun to a 60-kt
tropical storm. After lowering their MSW below typhoon strength at
11/1800 UTC, JMA maintained tropical storm intensity until 13/0000 UTC
when the last bulletin was released. During that period, the weakening
Khanun turned northward over eastern China, its centre passing west of
Shanghai before recurving east-northeastward into the Yellow Sea. The
residual circulation crossed Korea on 13 September, moved across the
Sea of Japan, and had re-entered the Pacific Ocean by 14/1200 UTC. The
by-now extratropical gale moved rapidly east-northeastward across the
North Pacific, and the final reference to the system in JMA's High Seas
Bulletins placed a 40-kt gale east of the Dateline near 50N/176W at
1800 UTC on 16 September.
The peak 10-min avg MSW estimated by any Asian warning agency was
100 kts by NMCC. JMA, HKO and CWB all estimated the peak intensity
of Typhoon Khanun at 85 kts, while PAGASA's highest MSW for Typhoon
Kiko while in their AOR was 80 kts.
Graphics depicting the track of Typhoon Khanun/Kiko may be found at
the following links:
<http://www.tropicalcyclone2005.com/database/2005/w_pacific/BT-IMAGES/2005-1
5W-KHANUN-OVER.gif>
<http://www.tropicalcyclone2005.com/database/2005/w_pacific/BT-IMAGES/2005-1
5W-KHANUN.gif>
B. Damage and Casualties
------------------------
Typhoon Khanun was responsible for 14 deaths in eastern China. Over
one million people were evacuated from coastal areas ahead of the
storm. Khanun battered the cities of Wenzhou, Taizhou, Ningbo, and
Jinhua with strong winds and heavy rains, causing widespread damage.
Flooding was reported in Shanghai City, forcing more than 160,000
residents to evacuate the area. More than 400 flights were cancelled
in Shanghai and Hongqiao Airports. Around 20,000 homes were destroyed
while water conservancy facilities and cropland were damaged. Total
economic losses are estimated at 6.9 billion yuan (850 million US
dollars). (NOTE: Updated damage and casualty figures may be found
in Section C.)
Typhoon Khanun passed through the southern Ryukyu Islands on
10 September. Polling for the Japanese General Election was delayed on
some of the islands until the weather had improved. There were no
reports of damages or casualties reported from any of the southern
Ryukyu Islands.
C. Huang Chunliang Reports
--------------------------
(1) Japan
---------
The information below is based upon data obtained from the following
link:
<http://www.okinawa-jma.go.jp>
{Part I} Landfall
=================
According to the JMA warnings, Very Severe Typhoon 0515 (Khanun)
passed over Tarama Island, Okinawa Prefecture, around 10/0930 UTC with
a MSW of 85 kts and a CP of 945 hPa. Tarama (JMA93061, 24.67N/124.70E,
Alt 16m) reported a peak sustained wind of 39 m/s at 10/0910 UTC.
{Part II} WMO Station Obs
=========================
Station Min SLP (hPa) Peak SW (m/s) Peak Gust (m/s)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Miyakojima 978.2 [10/0828Z] 24.6 [10/0900Z] 47.5 [10/0858Z]
Ishigakijima 986.6 [10/0934Z] 19.7 [10/1450Z] 32.9 [10/0828Z]
Iriomotejima 990.2 [10/1108Z] 23.5 [10/1340Z] 32.6 [10/1326Z]
Yonagunijima 996.1 [10/1350Z] 17.8 [10/0850Z] 28.6 [10/1526Z]
Station Peak Daily Rainfall (mm)
--------------------------------------------
Miyakojima 102.0 [09/1500-10/1500Z]
Ishigakijima 89.5 [09/1500-10/1500Z]
Iriomotejima 68.5 [09/1500-10/1500Z]
Yonagunijima 43.0 [10/1500-11/1500Z]
Note: Miyakojima - WMO47927, 24.79N/125.28E, Alt 40 m
Ishigakijima - WMO47918, 24.34N/124.16E, Alt 6 m
Iriomotejima - WMO47917, 24.39N/123.75E, Alt 9 m
Yonagunijima - WMO47912, 24.47N/123.01E, Alt 30 m
(2) China
---------
{Part I} Landfall
=================
According to the NMCC warnings, Typhoon 0515 (Khanun), the strongest
tropical cyclone to make landfall in Zhejiang Province since Typhoon
Wanda (1956), moved inland near Jinqing Town (28.4N/121.6E), Luqiao
District, Taizhou City, around 11/0650 UTC with a MSW of 50 m/s (100 kts)
and a CP of 945 hPa. The weakening tropical cyclone then passed through
Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces successively before the center of Tropical
Storm Khanun reemerged in the Yellow Sea from Yanwei Harbor, Lianyungang
City, Jiangsu Province, around 12/1430 UTC. Finally, NMCC declared
Khanun extratropical before the storm traversed the Korea Peninsula on
the 13th..
{Part II} Daily Top-5 Rainfall Obs from Taiwan Province
=======================================================
[10/1600-11/1600Z]
------------------
Ranking Station ID City/County Rainfall
------------------------------------------------------------
01 CWB L1A83 Taipei County 111.5 mm
02 CWB L1A80 Taipei County 111.0 mm
03 CWB C0A54 Taipei County 105.5 mm
04 WMO 46693 Taipei City 104.5 mm
05 CWB 01A42 Taipei City 103.0 mm
{Part III} Meteorological Obs from Zhejiang Province
====================================================
1. Wind Obs
-----------
Dachen Dao (WMO58666, 28.45N/121.90E, Alt 84m) reported a record-
breaking peak gust of 59.5 m/s on the 11th, the former record being
58.7 m/s which was associated with Typhoon 0414 (Rananim) in August,
2004. The hourly sustained winds recorded by the station peaked at
11/0600 UTC, reaching 45 m/s.
Other 40+ m/s peak gust reports from the province included 49.7 m/s
(Hepu, Xiangshan County), 47.2 m/s (Shipu, Xiangshan County), 44.7 m/s
(Shitang, Wenling City), 43.3 m/s (Damutu, Xiangshan County).
2. Rainfall Obs
---------------
During the 36-hr period ending at 11/2100 UTC, storm totals > 400 mm
were reported by 7 stations (including hydrological stations) with
Xiaozhilingjiao, Linhai City (a sub-city of Taizhou City), reporting the
highest amount of 464.5 mm.
Extrema from Station Xiaozhilingjiao:
24-hr rainfall: 464.0 mm [10/1300-11/1300Z]
12-hr rainfall: 431.0 mm [11/0100-11/1300Z]
06-hr rainfall: 339.0 mm [11/0300-11/0900Z]
03-hr rainfall: 214.5 mm [11/0600-11/0900Z]
01-hr rainfall: 138.0 mm [11/0800-11/0900Z]
{Part IV} Rainfall Obs from Other Provinces/Municipalities
==========================================================
1. Shanghai Municipality
------------------------
During the 24-hr period ending at 12/0000 UTC, Caojing, Jinshan
District, reported the highest storm total of 169.8 mm.
2. Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces
---------------------------------
24-hr rainfall obs (0nly WMO stations that reported rains > = 100 mm
listed)
=======================================================================
Changshu, Jiangsu Province 110 mm [10/2100-11/2100Z]
(WMO58352, 31.65N/120.73E, Alt 5m)
Kunshan, Jiangsu Province 108 mm [10/2100-11/2100Z]
(WMO58356, 31.42N/120.95E, Alt 9m)
Taicang, Jiangsu Province 101 mm [10/2100-11/2100Z]
(WMO58377, 31.47N/121.10E, Alt 6m)
Sheyang, Jiangsu Province 113 mm [11/2100-12/2100Z]
(WMO58150, 33.77N/120.25E, Alt 7m)
Qingdao, Shandong Province 107 mm [11/2100-12/2100Z]
(WMO54857, 36.07N/120.33E, Alt 77m)
{Part V} Damage and Casualties
==============================
Typhoon Khanun was responsible for 16 deaths with another 9 people
missing in Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces plus Shanghai
Municipality. Direct economic losses were estimated to have been
over 9 billion yuan.
Population Population Farmland Houses Direct Economic
Evacuated Affected Deaths Damaged (ha) Toppled Losses (yuan)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1,299,000 13,190,000 16 929,000 24,000 9,910,000,000
{Part VI} References (All in Chinese version)
=============================================
<http://www.nmc.gov.cn> <NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL CENTER
(BEJING)>
<http://ncc.cma.gov.cn> <BEIJING CLIMATE CENTER (BEJING)>
<http://www.cwb.gov.tw> <CENTRAL WEATHER BUREAU (TAIPEI)>
<http://www.zjwater.com> <ZHEJIANG WATER CONSERVANCY
(HANGZHOU)>
<http://www.shanghaiwater.gov.cn> <SHANGHAI WATER CONSERVANCY
(SHANGHAI)>
(Report written by Kevin Boyle with significant contributions by
Huang Chunliang)
TROPICAL STORM VICENTE
(TC-16W / TS 0516)
15 - 19 September
------------------------------------------
Vicente: submitted by the United States, is a Chamorro male name (also
the Spanish form of the name Vincent)
A. Synoptic History
-------------------
The first reference to the disturbance that spawned Tropical Storm
Vicente was included in JTWC's STWO issued at 0230 UTC 15 September.
An area of convection had persisted approximately 225 nm west of
Manila, Philippines. Animated multi-spectral imagery and a 14/2229 UTC
AMSU-B microwave pass revealed that most of the deep convection was
located on the periphery of a broad, organizing LLCC. An upper-level
analysis indicated an area of moderate vertical wind shear, favourable
divergence aloft, and consolidating 850-mb vorticity. A TCFA was
released at 15/2030 UTC after the deep convection increased to the
southwest of the partially-exposed centre. The first warning followed
at 16/0000 UTC, locating Tropical Depression 16W approximately 200 nm
east of Nha Trang, Vietnam.
Tropical Depression 16W traced a large, cyclonic loop on 16
September whilst interacting with a tropical disturbance located to the
northeast. It was upgraded to a 35-kt tropical storm by JMA at 16/1200
UTC and named Vicente. JTWC followed suit and upgraded Vicente to a
tropical storm at 17/0000 UTC. Tropical Storm Vicente completed its
erratic loop-de-loop movement on 17 September, accelerating onto a west
to west-northwesterly track and passing south of Hainan Island, China,
later that same day. After absorbing the disturbance to the east,
Vicente became the dominant circulation in the South China Sea,
reaching a peak intensity of 40 kts at 18/0000 UTC. The system finally
came ashore just north of Hue, Vietnam, at around 18/0600 UTC. JTWC
downgraded Vicente to a tropical depression on their last warning,
issued at 18/0600 UTC. JMA maintained tropical storm intensity until
19/0000 UTC when that agency released their final bulletin. By then,
Vicente was heading into Thailand and dissipating.
JMA, NMCC, CWB of Taiwan, and TMD of Thailand, all estimated a maximum
intensity of 45 kts. HKO estimated a peak strength of 40 kts. PAGASA
did not issue warnings on this system as it formed to the west of their
AOR.
A graphic depicting the track of Tropical Storm Vicente may be found
at the following link:
<http://www.tropicalcyclone2005.com/database/2005/w_pacific/BT-IMAGES/2005-1
6W-VICENTE.gif>
B. Damage and Casualties
------------------------
According to press reports, at least twenty people lost their lives
in Vietnam as a result of Tropical Storm Vicente.
The pressure gradient between Vicente and a ridge of high pressure
over southeastern China brought a strong easterly air stream to the
coastal areas of Guangdong, causing rough seas. A swimmer was reported
drowned there and another casualty occurred in rough seas at Sai Kung,
Hong Kong. A Chinese ship struck a reef between Shangchuan and
Xiachuan Islands. Fortunately, all seventeen crew members were saved.
C. Huang Chunliang Report
-------------------------
(1) China
---------
Brief Report from Hainan Province
=================================
During the 48-hr period ending at 19/0000 UTC, storm totals >= 100 mm
were reported by 8 counties/cities with Wuzhishan City (WMO59941, 18.77N/
109.52E, Alt 329m) reporting the highest amount of 393 mm.
Xisha Dao (WMO59981, 16.83N/112.33E, Alt 5m) reported a peak gust of
30 m/s at 18/0132 UTC.
Preliminary statistics on 20 September indicated that the storm had
caused at least 47 million yuan of direct economic losses in Hainan and
was responsible for 2 deaths as well as 9 missing in the province.
(2) Vietnam and Thailand
------------------------
In Vietnam, station Vinh (18.67N/105.68E) recorded 196.7 mm of
rainfall between 17/1200 and 18/1200 UTC.
In Thailand, station Chiang Mai (18.78N/98.98E) recorded 103.0 mm
of rainfall between 18/1800 and 19/1800 UTC.
(Report written by Kevin Boyle with contributions by Huang Chunliang)
TYPHOON SAOLA
(TC-18W / TY 0517)
19 - 28 September
--------------------------------------
Saola: contributed by Vietnam, is a rare type of forest-dwelling ox
recently found in the western part of Hatinh Province (Central
Vietnam) and is a protected species (Editor's Note: For more
information on the word "saola", please see Section D.)
A. Synoptic History
-------------------
At 0100 UTC 20 September a TCFA was issued for a potential candidate
for a tropical cyclone. Remarks included: "An area of convection near
20.9N/152.5E, approximately 515 nm northeast of Saipan, has persisted
over the last 12 hours. Recent multi-spectral satellite imagery shows
consolidating convection around a partially-exposed low-level
circulation. An upper-level LOW to the northwest of the system is
enhancing convection on the northern periphery of the system. An upper-
air analysis indicates the system is in a favorable environment for
development with both equatorward and eastward outflow channels and low
vertical wind shear." Drifting slowly west-northwestwards, the
disturbance became Tropical Depression 18W at 20/1200 UTC, the time
that JTWC issued the first warning. JTWC upgraded TD-18W to a 35-kt
tropical storm at 21/0000 UTC, six hours after JMA had raised their MSW
to 35-kts and assigned the name Saola.
Tropical Storm Saola steadily intensified on 21 September while
moving on a northwestward or west-northwestward heading. It was
upgraded to a 70-kt typhoon at 0000 UTC 22 September while centred
approximately 260 nm east of Iwo Jima. Continuing west-northwestwards
along the southwestern periphery of a subtropical ridge located to the
northeast, Typhoon Saola reached an intensity of 90 kts and maintained
this strength for over 24 hours, finally peaking at 100 kts at 24/0600
UTC while turning northwards through a break in the ridge. After
completing recurvature, Typhoon Saola accelerated northeastwards into
the mid-latitude baroclinic zone and began to steadily weaken. After
making its closest approach to Tokyo, Japan, passing approximately
155 nm to the south-southeast at 25/0000 UTC, Saola was downgraded to
a tropical storm at 25/1800 UTC. The system was declared extratropical
at 26/0000 UTC when JTWC issued the final warning. JMA maintained
typhoon intensity until 26/0600 UTC, at which time Saola was downgraded
to a 55-kt tropical storm. Six hours later the former typhoon was
declared extratropical. The remnants of Saola raced rapidly eastward
across the North Pacific, and by 28/0000 UTC consisted of a 35-kt gale
well east of the Dateline.
NMCC estimated a peak intensity of 90 kts while JMA and the CWB of
Taiwan estimated a maximum intensity of 80 kts. The lowest CP estimated
by JMA was 950 mb.
A graphic depicting the track of Typhoon Saola may be found at the
following link:
<http://www.tropicalcyclone2005.com/database/2005/w_pacific/BT-IMAGES/2005-1
8W-SAOLA.gif>
B. Damage and Casualties
------------------------
Although Typhoon Saola brought heavy rains and strong winds to much
of southeastern Japan and the offshore islands of Izu Shoto, there were
no reports of damages or casualties.
C. Huang Chunliang Report from Japan
------------------------------------
{Part I} Wind Obs
=================
Station Peak SW (m/s) Peak Gust (m/s)
---------------------------------------------------
Hachijojima 26.8 [24/2010Z] 52.7 [24/1852Z]
Miyakejima 23.6 [24/2230Z] 36.2 [25/0022Z]
Choshi 25.9 [25/0510Z] 36.2 [25/0909Z]
Chichijima 14.1 [--------] 38.0 [22/1805Z]
Station Information:
--------------------
Station
---------------------------------------------------
Hachijojima (WMO47678, 33.10N/139.78E, Alt 79m)
Miyakejima (WMO47677, 34.12N/139.52E, Alt 36m)
Choshi (WMO47648, 35.74N/140.86E, Alt 20 m)
Chichijima (WMO47971, 27.09N/142.19E, Alt 3m)
{Part II} Rainfall Obs
======================
Station Storm Total (mm)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hachijojima (WMO47678,33.10N/139.78E,Alt 79m) 249.5 [24/0800-25/0100Z]
Miyakejima (WMO47677,34.12N/139.52E,Alt 36m) 147.5 [23/1200-25/0100Z]
Miyake-izu (JMA44229,34.12N/139.50E,Alt 50m) 191 [23/1200-25/0100Z]
Miyake-ako (JMA44227,34.08N/139.48E,/Alt 30m) 271 [23/1200-25/0100Z]
Miyake-tsubota (JMA44228,34.07N/139.56E,Alt 20m) 180 [23/1200-25/0100Z]
{Part III} References (Japanese versions only)
==============================================
<http://www.data.kishou.go.jp/etrn/index.html>
<http://www.jma.go.jp>
D. Further Discussion about the Name
------------------------------------
I (Gary) received a copy of an e-mail to Katsuhiro Abe of the World
Meteorological Organization from William Robichaud of the Centre for
Biodiversity Research, Department of Zoology, University of British
Columbia, located in Vancouver, BC. This was in reference to a quote
Mr. Robichaud had noted in the press regarding the name of Typhoon
Saola. According to Mr. Robichaud, while the species bearing the name
saola was discovered in Vietnam, it also lives in Laos and the name is
in fact a Lao name.
In the Lao and Lao-related languages spoken in the animal's range in
both central Laos and Vietnam, "saola" is the word for a pair of
parallel wooden posts that support part of small, local cotton spinning
wheels. Indigenous people gave this name to the animal because the
tapering posts resemble a pair of saola horns (it is a type of ox). An
approximate translation of the species common name, therefore, is
"spinning wheel posts". (A thanks to Mr. Robichaud for sending me a
copy of his interesting and informative letter.)
(Report written by Kevin Boyle with contributions by Huang Chunliang
and Gary Padgett)
TYPHOON DAMREY
(TC-17W / TY-0518 / LABUYO)
19 - 27 September
-----------------------------------------------
Damrey: contributed by Cambodia, means 'elephant'
A. Synoptic History
-------------------
At 0230 UTC 19 September a TCFA was issued for the disturbance which
was to become Typhoon Damrey. Remarks in this statement included: "An
area of convection near 13.1N/128.4E, approximately 430 nm east of
Manila, Philippines, has persisted over the last 12 hours. Recent
multi-spectral satellite imagery shows increasing organization and deep
convection around a broad but distinct low-level circulation center. An
upper-air analysis indicates favourable westward and poleward outflow
and low vertical wind shear." The system remained under the TCFA until
it was replaced by the first warning on Tropical Depression 17W at
20/1200 UTC. Because it was an immediate threat to the Philippines,
PAGASA assigned the name Labuyo at 19/0600 UTC for local use within the
Philippines. TD-17W was upgraded to Tropical Storm Damrey at 21/0000 UTC
after both JTWC and JMA simultaneously increased their MSW estimates to
35-kts. At this time, Damrey/Labuyo was centred approximately 420 nm
south-southeast of Taipei, Taiwan.
Damrey/Labuyo remained at tropical storm intensity for several days.
After the MSW rose slowly to 50 kts on 21 September there was no
further strengthening for over 24 hours. Reasons for this were close
proximity to land, restricted poleward outflow, and moderate wind shear
conditions. A well-established ridge extending eastward from southeast
Asia was to ensure that there would be no recurvature for this tropical
cyclone. Initially moving towards the north-northwest, Damrey turned
west-northwestwards, passing through the Babuyan Islands and clipping
the far northeastern corner of Luzon on 21 September. Movement was
slower in the Luzon Strait on 22 September before a more westerly
heading became established on 23 September, followed by a west-
southwesterly track the next day. During this time, Damrey underwent
slight intensification with the MSW reaching 55 kts at 23/0000 before
weakening to 45 kts at 23/1200 UTC.
Once the struggle was over and there were less environmental
restrictions, Damrey was able to strengthen again and was upgraded to a
65-kt typhoon at 24/1800 UTC while located approximately 200 nm southwest
of Hong Kong, China. After a rather rapid strengthening period, Damrey
reached its maximum intensity of 90 kts at 25/0600 UTC. A slow weakening
trend commenced as the storm veered westwards and began to approach the
island of Hainan. By the time Damrey made landfall in the Chinese
Province at around 26/0000 UTC, the MSW had dropped to 75 kts. The
system, however, managed to maintain a large well-defined eye until it
quickly faded soon after landfall. Weakening continued as Damrey crossed
southern Hainan, the system moving on a rather peculiar bending track
which appeared to deflect the typhoon round the coastline. The tropical
cyclone was downgraded to a 55-kt tropical storm at 26/1200 UTC. After
crossing the Gulf of Tonkin, Damrey came ashore near Hanoi, Vietnam,
early on 27 September. Intensity at landfall was estimated at 55 kts.
JTWC and JMA issued their final warnings at 27/0600 UTC and 27/1800 UTC,
respectively, with the cyclone then moving into Laos and dissipating.
(Editor's Note: It should be pointed out that there were very insistent
meteorological voices to the effect that Damrey was a typhoon while in
transit over the Gulf of Tonkin, based on visible and microwave imagery.
It is interesting to note that JMA estimated a 10-min avg MSW of 60 kts
(equivalent to about 65 kts 1-min avg) whereas JTWC's MSW was 55 kts
during this period.)
NMCC estimated a maximum intensity of 110 kts while HKO estimated a
peak strength of 90 kts. JMA, CWB of Taiwan, and TMD of Thailand all
estimated a peak intensity of 80 kts while PAGASA estimated a peak
strength of 50 kts while Damrey was within that agency's AOR. The
minimum CP estimated by JMA was 955 mb.
A graphic depicting the track of Typhoon Damrey/Labuyo may be found
at the following link:
<http://www.tropicalcyclone2005.com/database/2005/w_pacific/BT-IMAGES/2005-1
7W-DAMREY.gif>
B. Damage and Casualties
------------------------
Typhoon Damrey swept across much of southeast and eastern Asia,
leaving at least 114 people dead. It was described as the worst storm in
over a decade. Vietnam suffered the heaviest damage. Thousands of homes
were destroyed or severely damaged as the strong winds blew off the
poorly-constructed metal roof tops. An estimated 100,000 trees were
uprooted, along with 300,000 fruit trees. Storm-surge flooding which
pushed sea water 3 to 4 km inland in coastal provinces along with flash
floods reportedly destroyed at least 1,194 houses and damaging 11,576
others. Hundreds of metres of sea dykes were ruptured in the districts
of Nam Dinh and Thanh Hoa. Property damage is estimated at US 209
million dollars.
Agriculture in Vietnam was also severely affected. Thousands of
people are facing starvation in the coming months after their months of
labour in cultivating 300,000 ha of rice and cash crops were completely
wasted. Salt from the sea water flooding the rice fields made growing
winter crops virtually impossible. Options to earn a living are also
slim with the loss of 22,000 shrimp and fish ponds. The 600,000 people
who evacuated ahead of the storm are also facing huge losses when they
return. There is no water supply, electricity or food. Damages to
wells caused by sea water has made drinking water unavailable in most
areas.
According to news reports, the death toll from Typhoon Damrey in
China's island province of Hainan was 25. Economic losses were
estimated at 11.6 billion yuan (about 1.5 billion US dollars). Damrey
almost completely wiped out Hainan's aquaculture industry and damaged
this season's farm yield of rubber, tropical fruits and vegetables, as
well as knocking out the entire power grid system, and severely
affecting the water conservancy facilities.
The total death toll in the Philippines attributed to Damrey was 16.
C. Huang Chunliang China Report
-------------------------------
{Part I} Landfall
=================
According to the NMCC warnings, Typhoon 0518 (Damrey) moved inland
near Shangen Town, Wanning City, Hainan Province, around 25/2000 UTC
with a MSW of 45 m/s (90 kts) and a CP of 950 hPa, making itself the
strongest typhoon to make landfall in Hainan Island since Typhoon 7423
(Della). Trampling across the island, Damrey reemerged in the Gulf of
Tonkin around 26/0930 UTC.
{Part II} Daily Top-5 Rainfall Obs from Taiwan Province
=======================================================
[20/1600-21/1600Z]
Ranking Station ID City/County Rainfall
-----------------------------------------------------------
01 WMO 46762 Taitung County 105.0 mm
02 CWB C1Z02 Hualien County 93.0 mm
03 CWB C0R28 Pingtung County 92.0 mm
04 CWB C1T99 Hualien County 85.5 mm
05 CWB C1Z04 Hualien County 84.5 mm
[21/1600-22/1600Z]
Ranking Station ID City/County Rainfall
-----------------------------------------------------------
01 CWB C0T87 Hualien County 444.0 mm
02 CWB C1T98 Hualien County 438.0 mm
03 CWB C0A56 Taipei County 437.0 mm
04 CWB 01A43 Taipei County 395.0 mm
05 CWB C1T95 Hualien County 375.5 mm
[22/1600-23/1600Z]
Ranking Station ID City/County Rainfall
-----------------------------------------------------------
01 CWB C0U65 Ilan County 234.0 mm
02 WMO 46759 Pingtung County 218.0 mm
03 CWB C0A56 Taipei County 216.5 mm
04 CWB C0R36 Pingtung County 179.0 mm
05 CWB C1U66 Ilan County 165.0 mm
{Part III} Meteorological Obs from Hainan Province
==================================================
1. Gust Obs
-----------
12 counties/cities recorded gusts >= Beaufort Force 12 during the
typhoon.
2. Rainfall Obs
---------------
During the 48-hr period ending at 27/0000 UTC, storm totals >= 200 mm
were reported by 9 counties/cities with Wuzhishan City (WMO59941, 18.77N/
109.52E, Alt 329m) reporting the highest amount of 455 mm. Sanya City
(WMO59948, 18.23N/109.52E, Alt 7m) reported the highest daily amount of
384 mm [26/0000-27/0000Z].
3. Hydrological Obs
-------------------
Station Qinglan reported record-breaking water level during the
typhoon:
Station Peak Water Level Former Record
------------------------------------------------------------
Qinglan 1.82 m [25/1900Z] 1.70 m [1985]
{Part IV} Meteorological Obs from Guangdong Province
====================================================
1. Top-1 Wind Obs
-----------------
Haian Town, Xuwen County, Zhanjiang City reported sustained winds
topping 22.0 m/s with gusts peaking at 35.0 m/s during the typhoon.
2. Top-1 Rainfall Obs
---------------------
Jinjiang, Enping County, Jiangmen City reported 2-day total of 213 mm.
{Part V} Meteorological Obs from Hong Kong S.A.R.
=================================================
<http://www.weather.gov.hk/informtc/damrey/damrey.htm>
{Part VI} Damage and Casualties
===============================
Mainland China
--------------
Population Deaths Farmland Houses Direct Economic
Evacuated Affected Damaged (ha) Toppled Loss (yuan)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
542,000 8,907,000 29 1,133,000 33,600 12,190,000,000
Hainan suffered the worst from Damrey with 25 deaths and 11.64 billion
yuan of direct economic losses being reported in the province. The
violent typhoon at one point paralysed power supplies in the whole Hainan
Island, something which is very rare for the province.
{Part VI} References
====================
<http://www.nmc.gov.cn> <NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL CENTER (BEJING)>
<http://ncc.cma.gov.cn> <BEIJING CLIMATE CENTER (BEJING)>
<http://mb.hainan.gov.cn> <HAINAN METEOROLOGICAL BUREAU (HAIKOU)>
<http://www.cwb.gov.tw> <CENTRAL WEATHER BUREAU (TAIPEI)>
<http://www.weather.gov.hk> <HONG KONG OBSERVATORY (HONG KONG)>
D. Miscellaneous Rainfall Observations
--------------------------------------
Following are rainfall observations compiled and sent by Huang
Chunliang from the Philippines, Vietnam and Thailand. Only 24-hour
amount(s) >= 100 mm are listed.
(1) Philippines
===============
DAET (14.13N/122.98E) 159.0 mm [19/00-20/00Z]
CATANDUANES RADAR (13.98N/124.32E) 136.4 mm [19/00-20/00Z]
VIRAC (13.58N/124.23E) 114.4 mm [19/00-20/00Z]
PILI (13.57N/123.27E) 107.0 mm [19/00-20/00Z]
LAOAG (18.18N/120.53E) 402.0 mm [21/00-22/00Z]
BAGUIO (16.42N/120.60E) 333.9 mm [21/00-22/00Z]
VIGAN (17.57N/120.38E) 269.8 mm [21/00-22/00Z]
ITBAYAT (20.80N/121.85E) 174.5 mm [21/00-22/00Z]
DAGUPAN (16.05N/120.33E) 115.4 mm [21/00-22/00Z]
LAOAG (18.18N/120.53E) 212.0 mm [22/00-23/00Z]
VIGAN (17.57N/120.38E) 191.6 mm [22/00-23/00Z]
(2) Vietnam
===========
HA NOI (21.03N/105.80E) 144.1 mm [26/12-27/12Z]
BACH LONG VI (20.13N/107.72E) 131.8 mm [26/12-27/12Z]
VINH (18.67N/105.68E) 126.3 mm [26/12-27/12Z]
NAM DINH (20.43N/106.15E) 120.2 mm [26/12-27/12Z]
(3) Thailand
============
NAKHON PHANOM (17.42N/104.78E) 109.8 mm [26/06-27/06Z]
NAKHON PHANOM (17.42N/104.78E) 127.0 mm [26/12-27/12Z]
SAKON NAKHON (17.15N/104.13E) 101.6 mm [26/12-27/12Z]
NAKHON PHANOM (17.42N/104.78E) 176.7 mm [26/18-27/18Z]
SAKON NAKHON (17.15N/104.13E) 109.4 mm [26/18-27/18Z]
NAKHON PHANOM (17.42N/104.78E) 151.4 mm [27/00-28/00Z]
SAKON NAKHON (17.15N/104.13E) 111.5 mm [27/00-28/00Z]
SAKON NAKHON (17.15N/104.13E) 103.0 mm [27/06-28/06Z]
(Report written by Kevin Boyle with significant contributions by
Huang Chunliang)
SUPER TYPHOON LONGWANG
(TC-19W / TY 0519 / MARING)
25 September - 3 October
-----------------------------------------------
Longwang: contributed by China, is the name of the Dragon King, who is
the god of rain in Chinese mythology. In ancient times,
people offered sacrifices to the Dragon King, praying for
timely rainfall and abundant harvests.
A. Synoptic History
-------------------
A day or so after JTWC began issuing STWOs on the disturbance that
became Super Typhoon Longwang, a TCFA was written at 1530 UTC on
25 September. At this time, the system was moving slowly northwestward
approximately 245 nm north of Saipan. Comments in the TCFA include:
"...Animated enhanced infrared imagery reveals an increase in
convection over the low level circulation center (LLCC). Independent
Dvorak intensity estimates have increased to T1.5 across all reporting
agencies. An upper-level analysis indicates the LLCC remains in an
environment of low vertical wind shear, favorable divergence, and
increasing 850-mb vorticity." The first warning on Tropical
Depression 19W quickly followed at 25/1800 UTC. JMA upgraded TD-19W
to a 35-kt (10-min avg) tropical storm at 26/0000 UTC, assigning the
name Longwang. JTWC increased their MSW to 35-kts six hours later.
Tropical Storm Longwang quickly strengthened and was upgraded to a
70-kt typhoon at 0000 UTC 27 September while centred approximately
190 nm south of Iwo Jima. Initially drifting towards the west or west-
northwest, Longwang briefly turned northwestwards towards a weakness
located between two steering ridges. The ridge extending from eastern
Asia became the primary controlling mechanism, and Typhoon Longwang,
following the contours of this ridge, returned to its original west to
west-northwesterly heading late on 27 September. Meanwhile, rapid
intensification continued and by 0600 UTC 28 September Longwang was a
major typhoon with MSW of 120 kts. Strengthening ceased at this point,
and the intensity remained constant for over 24 hours. (PAGASA
assigned the name Maring after the system had entered their AOR at
29/0000 UTC.) Longwang finally reached its peak intensity as a 130-kt
super typhoon at 29/1200 UTC while centred approximately 405 nm east-
southeast of Okinawa.
Even though Longwang was downgraded back to ordinary typhoon intensity
at 0600 UTC 30 September, the tropical cyclone remained an extremely
intense system for the next two days. Continuing on a predominantly
westerly track, Longwang's intensity fluctuated between 120-125 kts
before the storm began to steadily weaken late on 1 October. After
turning to a west-northwestward heading, Longwang made landfall near
Huelien, Taiwan, at 02/0000 UTC with a MSW of 105 kts. Typhoon
Longwang crossed Taiwan in only six hours and was still a rather
powerful 90-kt tropical cyclone when it emerged over the Taiwan Strait.
Weakening continued and Longwang made its final landfall in Fujian
Province, China, as a minimal typhoon at 02/1800 UTC, the time that
JTWC issued their final warning. JMA continued to monitor Longwang's
progress further inland via their bulletins until 03/1800 UTC.
NMCC estimated a peak MSW value of 120 kts while HKO estimated a
maximum strength of 110 kts. CWB of Taiwan, PAGASA, and JMA estimated
peak intensities of 100, 90, and 95 kts, respectively, and JMA
estimated a minimum CP of 930 mb.
A graphic depicting the track of Super Typhoon Longwang/Maring may
be found at the following link:
<http://www.tropicalcyclone2005.com/database/2005/w_pacific/BT-IMAGES/2005-1
9W-LONGWANG.gif>
B. Damage and Casualties
------------------------
News sources indicate that Typhoon Longwang caused one death and
100 injuries in Taiwan. Reports said the storm cut power to more than
760,000 households, ripped roofs off homes and damaged vehicles. One
hundred people were forced to evacuate from three villages in Hualien
County, an area hit particularly badly. A coastal community in Hualien
was flooded when high waves smashed through sea walls. A cargo ship
ran aground off Hualien harbour and the arch gate of the Hualien Martyrs
Shrine was knocked down by the strong winds. International and
domestic flights were grounded and rail services suspended. The
Council of Agriculture estimated the losses to agricultural products
and facilities in Taiwan at NT$ 85.3 million (2.5 million US dollars).
A total of 147 deaths were reported in Fujian Province, including over
80 police recruits killed in a landslide which destroyed the building
where they were staying. Around 600,000 people in Fujian and Guangdong
Provinces were evacuated ahead of the storm. All transportation was
disrupted. Typhoon Longwang lashed Fujian for around 10 hours,
uprooting trees and causing extensive flooding. A river burst its
banks, inundating the city of Fuzhou with 6.5 feet (2 metres) of water.
Preliminary figures according to the Xinhua News Agency said Longwang
destroyed 5,400 houses and crops on over 26,000 hectares (64,220 acres)
of farmland. The publication added that the storm caused around 1.2
billion yuan (148 million US dollars) of damage to the economy of
Fujian.
C. Huang Chunliang China Report
-------------------------------
{Part I} Landfalls
==================
The CWB warnings indicated that Severe Typhoon 0519 (Longwang) made
landfall over Taiwan Island near Fongbin Town, Hualien County, around
01/2115 UTC with a MSW of 51 m/s (100 kts) and a CP of 925 hPa. After
weakening into a Moderate Typhoon, Longwang reemerged in the Taiwan
Strait from the mouth of Choshui River around 02/0200 UTC.
On the other hand, according to the NMCC warnings, Typhoon 0519
(Longwang) first made landfall near Hualien City, Taiwan Province,
around 01/2130 UTC with a MSW of 50 m/s (100 kts) and a CP of 940 hPa.
Traversing Taiwan Island and then the Taiwan Strait, the typhoon made a
second landfall over the mainland near Weitou Town, Jinjiang City
(a sub-city of Quanzhou City), Fujian Province, around 02/1335 UTC with
a MSW of 33 m/s (65 kts) and a CP of 975 hPa. Final landfall occurred
around 02/1540 UTC, when the fading Severe Tropical Storm traveled
inland near Longhai City (a sub-city of Zhangzhou City), Fujian Province,
with a MSW of 30 m/s (60 kts) and a CP of 980 hPa.
{Part II} Meteorological Obs from Taiwan Province
=================================================
1. Peak Sustained Wind & Gust Obs
---------------------------------
Only those stations that reported sustained winds of gale force or
gusts of typhoon force are given:
Peak SW Peak Gust
Station (mps/Local Date) (mps/Local Date)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
An Bu (WMO46691, Alt 827m) 15.4/ 2nd 36.9/ 2nd
Hualien (WMO46763/59362, Alt 14m) 45.2/ 2nd *64.9/ 2nd
Suao (WMO46706, Alt 3m) 23.4/ 2nd 34.1/ 2nd
Chenggong (WMO46761, Alt 37m) 18.7/ 2nd 31.2/ 2nd
Wuci (WMO46777, Alt 5m) 27.1/ 2nd 42.4/ 2nd
Dongshi (WMO46730/59348, Alt 45m) 23.3/ 2nd 33.5/ 2nd
Lanyu (WMO46762/59567, Alt 325m) 24.1/ 2nd 34.7/ 2nd
Mastsu (WMO46799, Alt 92m) 17.9/ 2nd 30.1/ 2nd
Note (*): The peak gust value has broken the former station record of
62.1 m/s, which was associated with Typhoon Louise 46 years ago.
2. Daily Top-5 Rainfall Obs
---------------------------
[01/1600-02/1600Z]
Ranking Station ID City/County Rainfall
-----------------------------------------------------------
01 CWB C0T82 Hualien County 764.5 mm
02 CWB C1T80 Hualien County 659.0 mm
03 CWB C0U71 Ilan County 576.0 mm
04 CWB C1T81 Hualien County 510.5 mm
05 CWB C1T86 Hualien County 473.0 mm
{Part III} Meteorological Obs from Fujian Province
==================================================
1. Gust Obs
-----------
Highest gust report of the insular stations----45.6 m/s @ Xiayu,
Lianjiang County, Fuzhou City.
Highest gust report of the non-insular stations----38 m/s @ Changle
City (a sub-city of Fuzhou City).
2. Rainfall Obs
---------------
During the 48-hr period ending at 04/0000 UTC, storm totals >= 200 mm
were reported by 5 counties/cities: Changle City (a sub-city of Fuzhou
City/WMO58941)----332 mm, Fuzhou City (WMO58847)----263 mm, Longhai City
(a sub-city of Zhangzhou City/WMO59127)----263 mm, Luoyuan County (a
county of Fuzhou City/WMO58845)----252 mm, Minhou County (a county of
Fuzhou City/WMO58844)----236 mm.
Extrema from Changle (a sub-city of Fuzhou City/WMO58941)
---------------------------------------------------------
Daily rainfall: 331 mm [02/0000-03/0000Z]
12-hr rainfall: 316 mm [02/0200-01/1400Z]
06-hr rainfall: 303 mm [02/0800-02/1400Z]
03-hr rainfall: 276 mm [02/1100-02/1400Z]
01-hr rainfall: 152 mm [02/1100-02/1200Z]
Extrema from Fuzhou (WMO58847)
-----------------------------------------
03-hr rainfall: 182 mm [02/1100-02/1400Z]
01-hr rainfall: 111 mm [02/1200-02/1300Z]
Extrema from Luoyuan (a county of Fuzhou City/WMO58845)
-------------------------------------------------------
01-hr rainfall: 108 mm [02/1500-02/1600Z]
Extrema from Jiefang Bridge (a hydrological station in Fuzhou City)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
03-hr rainfall: 194 mm
01-hr rainfall: 118 mm
Extrema from Bayi Reservoir (a hydrological station in Fuzhou City)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
03-hr rainfall: 195 mm
01-hr rainfall: 110 mm
Extrema from Buzhengping (a hydrological station in Lianjiang County,
Fuzhou City)
---------------------------------------------------------------------
01-hr rainfall: 110 mm
3. Obs from Fuzhou City
-----------------------
In Chinese, "Longwang" means "The Dragon King", who's the god of rain
in Chinese mythology. And the typhoon indeed deserved the name.
We woke up in the morning of Oct 3 (LST) and found that half of the
city was inundated by floodwaters topping 2 meters in depth, resulting
from the astonishing torrential rains which had poured down during the
night (LST). Station Fuzhou (WMO58847) reported 111 mm of rain,
accompanied by continual thunder and lightning, within one hour
[02/1200-02/1300Z] alone, while several WMO stations distributed in the
counties/sub-cities, as well as many hydrological stations located in the
city, also recorded 100+mm/hour rains with Station Changle (WMO58941)
suffering the worst from the typhoon (see Section 2).
Longwang was also a windy typhoon for Fuzhou. A couple of counties/
sub-cities reported gusts beyond typhoon force (see Section 1), though
the urban area recorded gusts of gale force only.
{Part IV} Rainfall Obs from Other Provinces
===========================================
1. Zhejiang Province
--------------------
During the 96-hr period ending at 05/0000 UTC, storm totals >= 200 mm
were reported by 8 stations (including hydrological stations) with
Xinzha, Taizhou City, reporting the highest amount of 292 mm. Xinzha
also reported the highest 1-hr rainfall of the province, amounting to
100 mm.
2. Jiangxi Province
-------------------
During the 36-hr period ending at 04/0000 UTC, storm totals >= 50 mm
were reported by 20 counties/cities with Nanfeng County reporting the
highest amount of 128 mm.
{Part V} Damage and Casualties
==============================
1. Mainland China
-----------------
Population Deaths Farmland Houses Direct Economic
Province Evacuated Affected Damaged (ha) Toppled Loss (yuan)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fujian 537,000 4,028,000 147 130,000 9,000 7,478,000,000
Zhejiang 86,000 484,000 --- 9,000 ----- 300,000,000
Jiangxi ------ 222,000 --- 21,000 ----- 40,000,000
[TOTAL] [623,000] [4,734,000] [147] [160,000] [9,000] [7,818,000,000]
Longwang had become the most deadly tropical cyclone for China during
the 2005 typhoon season. All the 147 deaths, including more than 80
armed police cadets, who lost their lives in a single landslide that
destroyed the barracks in Minhou County, Fuzhou City, were reported in
Fujian Province.
2. Taiwan
---------
Preliminary statistics indicated that Typhoon Longwang left at least
one death and more than 50 people injured in Taiwan. Agricultural losses
in the province were estimated to be over NT$ 500 million.
{Part VI} References (All in Chinese version)
=============================================
<http://www.nmc.gov.cn> <NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL CENTER (BEJING)>
<http://ncc.cma.gov.cn> <BEIJING CLIMATE CENTER (BEJING)>
<http://www.cwb.gov.tw> <CENTRAL WEATHER BUREAU (TAIPEI)>
<http://www.fjqx.gov.cn> <FUJIAN METEOROLOGICAL BUREAU (FUZHOU)>
<http://www.zjwater.com> <ZHEJIANG WATER CONSERVANCY (HANGZHOU)>
D. Huang Chunliang Japan Report
-------------------------------
Information obtained from the following link:
<http://www.okinawa-jma.go.jp>
Station Min SLP (hPa) Peak SW (m/s) Peak Gust (m/s)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Ishigakijima 997.1 [01/1105Z] 22.0 [01/1140Z] 44.2 [01/1131Z]
Iriomotejima 997.4 [01/1143Z] 18.8 [01/1340Z] 34.9 [01/1159Z]
Yonagunijima 994.6 [01/1652Z] 25.1 [01/1410Z] 37.5 [01/1422Z]
Note: Ishigakijima @ WMO47918, 24.34N/124.16E, Alt 6 m
Iriomotejima @ WMO47917, 24.39N/123.75E, Alt 9 m
Yonagunijima @ WMO47912, 24.47N/123.01E, Alt 30 m
(Report written by Kevin Boyle with significant contributions by
Huang Chunliang)
*************************************************************************
NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (NIO) - Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea
Activity for September: 2 depressions **
1 cyclonic storm **
** - no warnings were issued for any of these systems by JTWC
NOTE!!! The North Indian Ocean basin was covered in the second
installment of the September summary.
*************************************************************************
SOUTHWEST INDIAN OCEAN (SWI) - South Indian Ocean West of Longitude 90E
Activity for September: 1 tropical disturbance
NOTE!!! The Southwest Indian Ocean basin was covered in the second
installment of the September summary.
*************************************************************************
NORTHWEST AUSTRALIA/SOUTHEAST INDIAN OCEAN (AUW) - From 90E to 135E
Activity for September: No tropical cyclones
*************************************************************************
NORTHEAST AUSTRALIA/CORAL SEA (AUE) - From 135E to 160E
Activity for September: No tropical cyclones
*************************************************************************
SOUTH PACIFIC (SPA) - South Pacific Ocean East of Longitude 160E
Activity for September: No tropical cyclones
NOTE!!! The South Pacific basin was covered in the second installment
of the September summary.
*************************************************************************
SPECIAL FEATURE - SOURCES OF TROPICAL CYCLONE INFORMATION
The purpose of this section is to list some websites where many and
varied types of tropical cyclone information are archived. Many readers
will know about these already, but for the benefit of those who don't,
I wanted to include them.
(1) Aircraft Reconnaissance Information
---------------------------------------
Various types of messages from reconnaissance aircraft may be
retrieved from the following FTP site:
<ftp://ftp.nhc.noaa.gov/pub/products/nhc/recon/>
Information regarding how to interpret the coded reconnaissance
messages may be found at the following URL:
<http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/reconlist.shtml>
Links are also included to websites with further information about the
U. S. Air Force 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron and the NOAA Air-
craft Operations Center.
(2) Archived Advisories
-----------------------
All the advisory products (public advisories, forecast/advisories,
strike probabilities, discussions, various graphics) issued by TPC/NHC
are archived on TPC's website. For the current year (using 2004 as an
example), the archived products can be found at:
<http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/index.shtml>
Links to tropical products archives for earlier years are available at
the following URL:
<http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastall.shtml>
JTWC warnings for past storms are archived on the NRL Monterry website:
<http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tc_pages/tc_home.html>
On the NRL site, the link to past years can be found in the upper left
corner of the screen.
I am not aware at the moment of any other TCWC which archives all
its tropical cyclone warning/advisory products for public access, but
if I learn of any, I will add them to this list.
(3) Satellite Imagery
---------------------
Satellite images of tropical cyclones in various sensor bands are
available on the NRL Monterrey and University of Wisconsin websites,
courtesy of Jeff Hawkins and Chris Velden and their associates. The
links are:
<http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tc_pages/tc_home.html>
<http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/tropic/tropic.html>
On the NRL site, the link to past years can be found in the upper left
corner of the screen. For the CIMSS site, a link to data archives is
located in the lower left portion of the screen.
Additional tropical satellite imagery, along with looping ability for
composite microwave imagery for the Western Hemisphere north of the
equator, can be found at:
(1) For the Eastern North Pacific:
<http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/TROP/trop-epac.html>
(2) For the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea:
<http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/TROP/trop-atl.html>
I'm sure there are other sites with available imagery available, and
as I learn of them, I will add the links to this list.
*************************************************************************
EXTRA FEATURE
In order to shorten the amount of typing in preparing the narrative
material, I have been in the habit of freely using abbreviations and
acronyms. I have tried to define most of these with the first usage
in a given summary, but I may have missed one now and then. Most of
these are probably understood by a majority of readers but perhaps a
few aren't clear to some. To remedy this I developed a Glossary of
Abbreviations and Acronyms which I first included in the August, 1998
summary. I don't normally include the Glossary in most months in
order to help keep them from being too long. If anyone would like to
receive a copy of the Glossary, please e-mail me and I'll be happy
to send them a copy.
*************************************************************************
AUTHOR'S NOTE: This summary should be considered a very preliminary
overview of the tropical cyclones that occur in each month. The cyclone
tracks (provided separately) will generally be based upon operational
warnings issued by the various tropical cyclone warning centers. The
information contained therein may differ somewhat from the tracking and
intensity information obtained from a "best-track" file which is based
on a detailed post-seasonal analysis of all available data. Information
on where to find official "best-track" files from the various warning
centers will be passed along from time to time.
The track files are not being sent via e-mail. They can be retrieved
from the archive sites listed below. (Note: I do have a limited e-mail
distribution list for the track files. If anyone wishes to receive
these via e-mail, please send me a message.)
Both the summaries and the track files are standard text files
created in DOS editor. Download to disk and use a viewer such as
Notepad or DOS editor to view the files.
The first summary in this series covered the month of October,
1997. Back issues can be obtained from the following websites
(courtesy of Michael Bath, Michael V. Padua, Michael Pitt, Chris
Landsea, and John Diebolt):
<http://australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/>
<http://www.typhoon2000.ph>
<http://mpittweather.com>
<ftp://ftp.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/pub/landsea/padgett/>
<http://www.tropicalcyclone2005.com/>
Another website where much information about tropical cyclones may
be found is the website for the UK Meteorological Office. Their site
contains a lot of statistical information about tropical cyclones
globally on a monthly basis. The URL is:
<http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/tropicalcyclone>
TROPICAL CYCLONE REPORTS AVAILABLE
JTWC now has available on its website the Annual Tropical Cyclone
Report (ATCR) for 2004 (2003-2004 season for the Southern Hemisphere).
ATCRs for earlier years are available also.
The URL is: <http://199.10.200.33/jtwc.html>
Also, TPC/NHC has available on its webpage nice "technicolor"
tracking charts for the 2004 Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific
tropical cyclones; also, storm reports for all the 2004 Atlantic
and Eastern North Pacific cyclones are now available, as well as
track charts and reports on storms from earlier years. Additionally,
some of the storm reports for the 2005 season are now available.
The URL is: <http://www.nhc.noaa.gov>
A special thanks to Michael Bath of McLeans Ridges, New South Wales,
Australia, for assisting me with proofreading the summaries.
PREPARED BY
Gary Padgett
E-mail: garyp@alaweb.com
Phone: 334-222-5327
Kevin Boyle (Eastern Atlantic, Western Northwest Pacific, South
China Sea)
E-mail: newchapelobservatory@btinternet.com
John Wallace (Assistance with Eastern North Pacific)
E-mail: dosidicus@aol.com
Huang Chunliang (Assistance with Western Northwest Pacific, South
China Sea)
E-mail: huangchunliang@hotmail.com
Simon Clarke (Northeast Australia/Coral Sea, South Pacific)
E-mail: saclarke@iprimus.com.au
*************************************************************************
*************************************************************************
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